The History Of Soccer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 568 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Do different surfaces affect the way a soccer ball bounces? Have you ever wondered if different surfaces affect the way a soccer ball bounces? Three types of turf (or surface) will be used to test the bounciness of a soccer ball. Energy and physics will be examined. Kentucky bluegrass, sand and artificial turf will be used to find out which surface allows the ball to bounce the most. Read more to discover the physics and energy of the soccer ball when dropped on different surfaces. Soccer is played in many places in the world, it has been played for over three thousand years. In Europe and the Americas soccer is one of the most popular sports played. In China, during the second and third centuries people described soccer as, dribbling a leather ball into a small net. In 1815 soccer became popular in Schools and Universities. Soccer is called football in many places around the world. Throughout history, soccer has become one of the most popular sports in the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The History Of Soccer" essay for you Create order Soccer is a game played all around the world. The game is played in to teams of eleven. You use a round ball called soccer ball. The object of the game is to get the soccer ball down the field and kick it in the goal. You can not use your hands. The only person on the field who can use their hands is the goal keeper. This is the player who tries to stop the other team from scoring a goal. The team at the end of the game with the most goals wins. Soccer is a sport that can be played indoors or outside. The game soccer is called football in most places around the world. But the word soccer is believed to have originated in Britain around 200 years ago. The sport became very popular in the U.S. Britain started to part from the term soccer because it had become too American. In the U.S the term soccer just stuck and everyone liked it. As the sport grew, more rules were made. Teams could earn a penalty kick beginning in 1891. Referees began giving out red and yellow cards in 1970 during the World Cup finals. Yellow or red cards are given to a player for serious fouls or unsportsmanlike behavior. A player may receive a yellow card for things like delaying the game, breaking rules or subbing without the referees permission. Red cards come with things like violence, spitting, using nasty language or receiving a second yellow card in a game. Soccer is a world renowned sport. Famous players come from places like Russia, Holland and Brazil. With the acception of the Olympics, the World Cup is one of the biggest sporting events viewed internationally. In 2010, more than three billion people watched at least part of the World Cup. Since 2006, the number of Americans participating in watching the World Cup has increased steadily. Locally, since 2015, Louisville, KY has enjoyed a Division 2 U.S. Soccer team called Louisville City. Just recently, the team made history by winning two conference championships in a row (2017/2018). In summary, soccer is a sport enjoyed by all ages around the world. There are many rules of the game, including penalty calls. Soccer includes famous players from around the globe. Not only can soccer be played at any age, it is a sport that brings communities together to cheer on their favorite teams.

Shaping Special Education Free Essays

Running head: Shaping Special Education From Past to Present: Shaping Special Education Laura Terpstra Grand Canyon University: SPE 523 May 30, 2012 From Past to Present: Shaping Special Education Fundamental Concepts and Philosophies The history of American special education has taken a long, ever-evolving journey to get to the place it is today. Marilyn Friend (2008) discusses how in the early twentieth century students were still not accepted into public schools. Students who had physical or mental disabilities were placed into separate classes, made up entirely of students with disabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Shaping Special Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the first half of the twentieth century students with a wide range of disabilities were enrolled in special education classes. Over the past century, various court cases have defined how special education has changed. In 1954, the Brown v. Board of Education, gave way to questions about whether or not separating special education students from the general education population was appropriate or not. Some people believed that taking students out of the classroom gave them a label for their disability and therefore was discriminatory towards students, rather than helpful in providing services they needed to make them successful. Friend, 2008, p. 47) Not only did educators become advocators for children’s with disabilities, so did parents. The Mills v. Board of Education (1972) sparked the determination of providing special education services for students. In response to various lawsuits against the Board of Education legislation created mandates to ensure the rights f or students with disabilities. Structure of Special Education Parents continued to push for the rights of children, as well as congress. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 were laws that provided funding to states to assist them in creating and improving programs and services for children with disabilities. The Education for All Handicapped children Act in 1974 was created to allow full educational opportunities for students with disabilities. In 1986, the federal special education law was changed to include services for infants and young children. (Friend, 2008, p. 49) In 1990, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was changed to Individual with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and more disabilities were added. The most recent change was in 2004 when provisions were added to help resolve disputes between parents, as well as the requirement for student instruction to be taught using evidence-based practices. Federal law forced educators to change their view of special education students and how to best serve their needs in the school environment. Also in 2004, President Bush and Congress wanted IDEA to align with No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 so that schools would be held accountable for making sure students with disabilities achieve high standards (Friend, 2008, p. 68). Jill Hockenbury (2000) pointed out that special education is a key part of the public education system but that there are still challenges in special education today. Critical changes that are needed in special education include constructing a defensible philosophy of education, providing effective and intensive instruction, and improving the quality of teacher training. These changes are still being worked on today. The needs of children today are demanding that teachers provide effective instruction, that’s meaningful and allows the teacher to reach all levels of development in one classroom. Trends and Issues Quality teacher training is also one of the biggest challenges facing special education and relates directly to a key topic heard a lot about in special education, which is inclusion. Inclusion centers on the belief that students with a disability should be allowed to be a part of the general education classroom. However, inclusion is difficult because of the requirement of the general education teacher. The general education teacher should be able to meet the needs of the students in his or her classroom, which can be difficult depending on the students needs. However, inclusion states that students should be in the classroom full time, receiving instruction the same as non-disabled peers, and there should be no need for pull-out. In some cases, members of a child’s IEP team may not agree on the appropriate environment for a student. With increased opportunities for teachers to have training with research-based methods and strategies, this area should be able to improve in the future. Researchers have stated that inclusion is beneficial to both students with disabilities, and those without disabilities. A study done investigating perceptions of learning of nearly 5,000 kindergarten students through 12th grade revealed that students with disabilities wanted to learn the same material, use the same books, and enjoy the same homework and grading practices as typical peers. (Friend, 2008, as cited in Klinger and Vaughn 1999) Other trends in special education include universal design for learning and differentiation. Universal design for learning (UDL) is the instructional approach that students with disabilities should have access to the curriculum. Along with UDL is the use of differentiated instruction (or differentiation) to explore the concepts of UDL further. Differentiation means that within one environment, students with multiple needs will have their needs met through various ways. UDL and differentiation should be utilized by general education teachers to meet the needs of their special education student. (Friend, 2008, p. 77) These trends are all key concepts in the world of special education. They all impact the way special education teachers should teach to meet the needs of all their students. Pat Beckman (2001) reiterated this fact stating that â€Å"improved student learning requires teachers, schools, and districts to give up unproductive traditions and beliefs, replacing them with validated practices and a full understanding of the intent of the law. † IDEA requires teachers to use â€Å"programs, interventions, strategies, and activities† that are researched based. (Friend, 2008, p. 63) As the needs of students increase, the resources provided need to increase, which is the responsibility of those providing the education. Special education has come very far since placing disabled students in their own separate classroom, but it still has a long way to go. There is much to be said about meeting the needs of special education students and reaching those administrators, parents, and educators who still do not have a full understanding of inclusion. References Beckman, Pat (2001), Access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities, Council for Exceptional Children, retrieved May 28, 2012 from http://www. cec. sped. org/AM/Template. cfm? Section=HomeTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay. cfmCONTENTID=5519 Friend, M. 2008). Special education: Contemporary perspectives for school professionals. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Hockenbury, J. C. , Kauffman, J. M. , Hallahan, D. P. (2000). What is right about special education. Exceptionality, 8(1), 3-11. Obiakor, F. E. (2011). Maximizing access, equity, and inclusion in general and special education. Journal Of The International Association Of Special Education, 12(1), 10-16. U. S. Department of Education (2007) â€Å"Thirty Years of Progress in Educating Children With Disabilities Through IDEA†, retrieved May 28, 2012 from http://www2. ed. gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history30. html How to cite Shaping Special Education, Papers

Sam Houston State University, Huntsville CJ 478W-Introduction To Metho

Sam Houston State University, Huntsville CJ 478W-Introduction To Methods Of Research The Effects of Race on Sentencing in Capital Punishment Cases Throughout history, minorities have been ill-represented in the criminal justice system, particularly in cases where the possible outcome is death. In early America, blacks were lynched for the slightest violation of informal laws and many of these killings occured without any type of due process. As the judicial system has matured, minorities have found better representation but it is not completely unbiased. In the past twenty years strict controls have been implemented but the system still has symptoms of racial bias. This racial bias was first recognized by the Supreme Court in Fruman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972). The Supreme Court Justices decide that the death penalty was being handed out unfairly and according to Gest (1996) the Supreme Court felt the death penalty was being imposed ?freakishly' and ?wantonly? and ?most often on blacks.? Several years later in Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976), the Supreme Court decided, with efficient controls, the death penalty could be used constitutionally. Yet, even with these various controls, the system does not effectively eliminate racial bias. Since Gregg v. Georgia the total population of all 36 death rows has grown as has the number of judicial controls used by each state. Of the 3,122 people on death row 41% are black while 48% are white (Gest, 1996, 41). This figure may be acceptable at first glance but one must take into account the fact that only 12% of the U.S. population is black (Smolowe, 1991, 68). Carolyn Snurkowski of the Florida attorney generals office believes that the disproportionate number of blacks on death row can be explained by the fact that, ?Many black murders result from barroom brawls that wouldn't call for the death penalty, but many white murders occur on top of another offense, such as robbery? (As cited in Gest, 1986, 25). This m ay be true but the Washington Legal Foundation offers their own explanation by arguing that ?blacks are arrested for murder at a higher rate than are whites. When arrest totals are factored in , ?the probability of a white murderer ending up on death row is 33 percent greater than in the case of a black murderer? (As cited in Gest, 1986, 25). According to Professor Steven Goldstein of Florida State University, ?There are so many discretionary stages: whether the prosecutor decides to seek the death penalty, whether the jury recommends it, whether the judge gives it? (As cited in Smolowe, 1991, 68). It is in these discretionary stages that racial biases can infect the system of dealing out death sentences. Smolowe (1991) shows this infection by giving examples of two cases decided in February of 1991, both in Columbus. The first example is a white defendant named James Robert Caldwell who was convicted of stabbing his 10 year old son repeatedly and raping and killing his 12 year old daughter. The second example is of a black man, Jerry Walker, convicted of killing a 22-year-old white man while robbing a convenience-store. Caldwell's trial lasted three times as long as Walker's and Caldwell received a life sentence while Walker received a death sentence. In these examples, it is believed that not only the race of the victims, but also the value of the victims, biased the sentencing decisions. The 22-year-old man killed by Walker was the son of a Army commander at Fort Benning while Caldwell's victims were not influential in the community. In examples such as these, it becomes evident that racial bias, in any or all of the discretionary stages, becomes racial injustice in the end. Smolowe (1991) also makes the point that Columbus is not alone: ?A 1990 report prepared by the government's General Accounting Office found ?a pattern of evidence indicating racial disparities in the charging, sentencing and imposition of the death penalty.? In an article by Seligman (1 994), Professor Joseph Katz of Georgia State ?and other scholars have made a separate point about bias claims based on the ?devalued lives' of murder victims.? Seligman also asserts that those claiming bias believe that it is in the race of the victim and

Adapting Technology to Global Warming Professor Ramos Blog

Adapting Technology to Global Warming Most common misconception regarding global warming and climate change is the standardized between these two ideas. Global warming refers to the long-term increasing trend in the average global temperature. Climate change on the other hand is the effect of various phenomena such as global warming to the global climate. It is better visualized as the â€Å"side effects† of warming like heavier typhoons and storms, melting of glaciers, and more and frequent droughts. It can be said that global warming is a result of human-caused climate change. Red bars show global average (land and sea) temperatures above the long-term average, and blue bars indicate temperatures below the long-term average. The black line shows the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Global warming is just a preliminary concern to a bigger problem. With various climate-change phenomenon recently occurring, mitigating solutions should be implemented, another way to proceed is also by adapting the technology to utilize these various changes. Most famous propaganda that tackles solutions to global warming is the Green New Deal (GND). GND is a proposal that contains a list of ideas and eco-supporting platforms that plans to reform the status of US government in terms so sustainability. According to Vinjamuri, this agenda became a widespread concern for most 2020 contenders for election. Their varying stand regarding this proposal is being evaluated by the community. GND has just recently being revived by Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortex of Bronx. Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez addresses the Green New Deal in a crowd at the annual Womens March on 19 January 2019. The proposal described in GND has categorized certain issues and plausible actions toward them. This project was estimated to cost around $1 trillion. As discussed in the GND proposal, suggested innovations can be correlated to renewable energy, smart grid, energy efficiency, transportation, low-tech solutions, cows and climate change, guaranteed jobs, labor laws, public ownership, providing higher education, trade unions, trade deals, indigenous people, health care, housing, security, clean air and water, and healthy food and nature (Sierra Club). One of the main goals of this project is to have a 100 percent clean, renewable, and no-emission energy sources for power supply in the United States in a span of 10 years. This ideology is being questioned if this would be even possible. A lot of investments were already focused on energy industries spending hundreds of billions. The one that GND lacks is the scale comparison with this trading. Along with this topic is the building of energy efficient constructions and smart which purpose is to have affordable electricity consumption. Making these kind of buildings ang innovating them to be green will surely cost a fortune. In 2009, it was estimated that retrofitting a building would cost $4.5 billion while for a public project it would cost $3 billion. With surplus in development plans, one aspect that will also be affected is the job recruitment. This entails a different wage for a family having a certain number of household. For example, a family with one adult will be paid $11.41 while having two adults will have $18.44. And if one adult is working, the wage would be $26.39. With the guaranteed job secured, health care is one of the priorities. The green new deal is an â€Å"imaginative project†. Even though its cause so good and also for the betterment of the future, it will definitely consume a lot of wealth. It was estimated by Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortex, that taxes in the United Sates should go as high as 70 percent to be able to sustain the budget for this proposal. IN the current situation, the top tax rate was 37 percent which was the result of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Tax amounting to almost double of the current state would be a stone-in-the-pocket for the citizens. This concept is highly undoable and considering that the issues discussed in GND are not the only ones tackled by the government. Proper allotment of budget should be observed to have equal observance on problems. However, to have an improvement regarding our actions towards sustainability and climate change, ones community should impose heavy rules and dedicate a huge amount of money in order to achieve it. A way to obtain these proposed agenda is to utilize the naturally occurring catalyst to global warming, the sun. Most projects or technology today are focusing on acquiring renewable energy and converting them to our daily need in terms of powering our homes and easing up the activities in work. Some people are not yet aware of the existence of global warming and its effects. It is and will greatly affect or disturb the balance of the ecosystems. Due to the detrimental effects of this phenomena, solutions should be devised. According to Shahzad, alternate energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass should be pursued. Finding and using renewable sources of energy is an alternate solution to the ever-increasing global warming effects. Investing in energy efficiency and renewable energy creates smart business sense in United States because it makes new jobs in a wide range of industries, foster innovation and gives competitive edge in global market. Clean technology is a successful one having a global revenue of $900 billion in 2007 and venture capital investment of $8.5 billion in 2008. Nanosolar and Solyndra which manufactures thin-film solar cells are among the top American Companies which business have attracted a huge money (Union of Concerned Scientists). Chinese business has recently expanding their manufacturing of wind turbines and solar cells due to policies that require use of energy efficient technology and renewable energy. They are expecting to generate 155 percent of its electricity from renewable resources by 2020. According to Hanley, renewable energy is being highly utilized for electricity providing the trend in the figure below. By adopting strong policies to promote this kind of clean technology, one can deliver economic dividends in the form of energy savings, new jobs, growing industries, and further opportunities for innovation. Another opportunity is with utilizing solar energy into farming. Solar energy can cut the expenses for farm’s electricity and heating. Solar heat collectors can be used for drying of crops and warming up homes, livestock buildings, and greenhouses. Solar water heaters provide hot water cleaning pens and dairy operations. Photovoltaics can power farm operations, especially pumping of water from groundwater and lightings. An example of growth in the application of solar photovoltaics in Asia and Africa is shown below (Hanley). Global Warming has always existed and still continuous to implement dangerous threats to the society. We should be able to incorporate our existing technology to be able to adopt to these changes in the environment. Utilizing our renewable resources will sure lessen the detrimental effects but that alone will completely eradicate the problem. We should always play smart in tackling these kinds of situations. If we would not be able to provide fast and concrete solution, we must try to use in our advantage the effects of the global warming such as use of the sun. Works Cited Hanley, Steve. Solar Leads The Way As Renewables Grow Faster Than Expected | CleanTechnica. 2017, https://cleantechnica.com/2017/10/05/solar-leads-way-renewables-grow-faster-expected/. Sierra Club. What Is a Green New Deal? 2019, https://www.sierraclub.org/trade/what-green-new-deal. The Future of US Climate Politics | Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/future-us-climate-politics?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIye3R99jb4gIVVwQqCh3b9wayEAAYASAAEgI-RfD_BwE. Accessed 9 June 2019. Shahzad, Umair. Global Warming: Causes, Effects and Solutions.2015, https://www. researchgate .net/publication/316691239_Global_Warming_Causes_Effects_and_Solutions Union of Concerned Scientists. Clean Technology.2010, https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default /files/legacy/assets/documents/global_warming/ucs-fact-Clean-Tech-w-endnotes-2-10b.pdf Vanjamuri, L. The Future of US Climate Politics | Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/future-us-climate-politics?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIye3R99jb4gIVVwQqCh3b9wayEAAYASAAEgI-RfD_BwE. Accessed 9 June 2019.

10 Ways To Reduce Stress At Work

10 Ways To Reduce Stress At Work Workplace stress can be so prevalent that it begins to feel like just another part of your job. But this can lead to many long-term ill-effects on both your career and your health. Short of quitting your job for a less stressful one, however, there are a few strategies you can employ to tone down the work stress in your current job. Here are a few great methods  for reducing your stress at work.1. Act, don’t react.If you’re constantly reacting, you’re not doing your best work- and you’re not carefully considering situations as they come at you. Stay in control by stopping before acting and taking a moment to assess and properly strategize. The more you practice this, the less the stress hormone reaction will kick in each time something new gets dropped in your lap.2. Don’t forget to breathe.When you’re stressed, chances are you forget to breathe more often than not. Take a minute or two out of every hour- or after stressful meetings- to mak e sure you get a few deep breaths. Inhale, hold, exhale, hold. Repeat. Three minutes of this can make you feel as calm as if you’d just taken an hour long yoga class.3. Sit up straight.Your posture can actually impact how well you do on the job. De-clutter your workspace and make sure you have enough space to sit up rather than slump over your laptop or your phone. You’d be amazed how much more powerful and capable you’ll feel.4. Get organized.Once you de-clutter your space, do the same for your project lists and your email inbox. Keep things neat and you’ll feel much more nimble when it comes to decision making. Group your papers and projects into action types- â€Å"call back,† â€Å"file,† â€Å"send out,† or â€Å" complete.†5. Make realizable goals.If you set goals for yourself that are too unreasonable, you’ll find you never quite meet them- and you’ll start to feel rather discouraged when you keep failing t o get things done.6. Eliminate interruptions.The worst thing for your productivity is a constant barrage of interruptions. Interruptions are inevitable, and you can’t let them get to you. But you can try and minimize them. If you have a really important project to work on, try turning the ringer off on your phone, and notifications off on your email- even if just for a few hour-long stretches at a time.7. Set a daily schedule.At the beginning of your day, or the end of the day before, come up with a rough schedule for how you will go about tackling your tasks. Don’t forget to block out chunks of time for intense concentration to get your productivity score up, as well as breaks for refreshing yourself, and time to sort through minor administrative tasks as they come up.8. Take care of yourself.Don’t underestimate the power of plentiful sleep and healthy eating, both on your wellbeing and your productivity. Eating crap and not getting enough sleep will only make you more tired, sluggish, and stressed at the lack of your own output.9. Don’t self-impose stress.Fair enough, plenty of your stress is external. But there may be stresses that you’re imposing on yourself- and needlessly. Make sure you’re not too caught up in others’ perceptions of you. Shift your focus off of others and do your own work, as calmly and measuredly as you can.10. Prioritize wisely.Not everything can be a red-hot urgent priority. Have a think about which of your â€Å"top priorities† are actually top priorities, then tackle those. Learning to realize that not all projects and crises have equal weight is a great step towards maturity and minimizing stress.

Does Mary have a choice in the matter of her pregnancy Do you agree Essay

Does Mary have a choice in the matter of her pregnancy Do you agree - Essay Example The Christian adherence to the proposition that Jesus, the son of God was conceived of a virgin of virtuous and unique qualities is not unknown to religious beliefs. For example, Buddhists subscribe to a vastly similar theory that Buddha was conceived by Maya, also a virgin of marked uniqueness. (Woodman) Virginity which speaks of purity are not the sole determining factors in these women finding favour with divinity. It is their faith and belief in the wisdom of the divine that dictates that neither woman would question or object to the divine decision to impregnate them with the son of a higher power. Mary too is described as having a close connection with God even as a child, she prayed often and the angels of God often communicated with her. According to the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, Mary’s destiny was determined by the divine as early as age three. The Gospel documents the following: Israel; and when she was three years old, she walked with a step so mature, she spoke so perfectly, and spent her time so assiduously in the praises of God, that all were astonished at her, and wondered; and she was not reckoned a young infant, but as it were a grown-up person of thirty years old. She was so constant in prayer, and her appearance was so beautiful and In each case, both women are predestined for greatness or at the very least uniqueness. Maya, like Mary are both enamoured with what appears to be divine characteristics that set them apart from ordinary mortals. Mary in both her beauty and her close connection to God and Maya in her beauty and her likeness to a Goddess. In each case the inescapable conclusion is that both women were chosen by the divine for those characteristics that ensured that neither woman would deny their destinies. As such Mary did not have a choice the choice was made by a higher power, one that

Globalization's impact on the spread of infectious diseases Annotated Bibliography

Globalization's impact on the spread of infectious diseases - Annotated Bibliography Example ue of racism in Toronto as the people from East Asia where the virus had initiated from started being isolated and discriminated against as a result of the virus and them being different. The Asians were segregated from the Canadians and the increase in racialization spread even more and the effects are still being felt to date. The conclusion from this article is that globalization has increased the spread of infectious diseases thousands of miles away from the area of origination and this is leading to other unwarranted and unwanted effects such as racism. The race that the infectious disease originates from is discriminated against and segregated as well as blamed for the spread of the disease or infection just like the Chinese were segregated by the Canadians in Toronto even though the disease spread as a result of interaction and connectedness but leads to inequality. Brown, T. (2011). ‘Vulnerability is universal’: Considering the place of ‘security’ and ‘vulnerability’ within contemporary global health discourse. Social Sciences & Medicine, 72: 319-326. The global health standards have been and continue to be affected by the increase in the multiple threats of the infectious diseases all over the world. With global connectedness and interactions increasing, there traditional border defenses and securities are weakening and hence allowing people the movement all over the world hence continuing to spread the infectious diseases everywhere. What this does is to increase the vulnerability of the people and exposing them to more diseases, spreads the panic over the diseases and eventually becoming an epidemiological threat to the health of the people. Fighting of these diseases has become even harder for the world because of the increase in environmental degradation, intensive farming practices, rapid urbanization as well as misusing of antimicrobials. All these contribute to the humanity becoming more vulnerable to the diseases and dying in